Enhancing Transformer Reliability in High-Altitude Environments: A Multi-Pronged Approach Addressing Gas Relay Malfunctions and Hydrogen Generation through Structural, Sealing, and Monitoring Solutions

Abstract

High-altitude regions, generally defined as those at elevations of 3,500 meters and above, present a uniquely challenging operational environment for power transformers. The reduced atmospheric pressure and significant diurnal temperature variations at such altitudes critically impair the sealing performance of transformer oil conservators and gas relays. This impairment creates a pathway for external air and moisture ingress, which directly accelerates the aging of insulating oil and paper, leading to the anomalous generation of hydrogen and other fault gases. This phenomenon is a primary contributor to the frequent false alarms from gas relays and abnormal pressure fluctuations within the tank, issues that plague equipment reliability in these regions. Aiming at the problems of frequent alarms of transformer gas relays, abnormal oil tank pressure, and increased single hydrogen content in oil in high-altitude areas (3500 meters and above), this paper proposes comprehensive solutions such as structural optimization of stainless steel bellows in external oil conservators, improvement of sealing systems, body drying, and online monitoring technology through mechanism analysis and experimental verification. The research results show that the synergistic application of these measures can significantly inhibit the hydrogen production rate and improve the operational reliability of the equipment.