Assessing the Impacts of Human Activities on Benthic Biodiversity in Coral Reef Ecosystems

Abstract

Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse ecosystems in the ocean, yet their benthic biodiversity is experiencing dramatic declines due to human activities. This study systematically evaluates the direct and indirect impact mechanisms of human activities—including overfishing, coastal development, pollution discharge, and climate change—on coral reef benthic communities. By integrating global case studies and quantitative data analysis, it reveals ecological degradation pathways under the synergistic effects of multiple stressors and proposes integrated management strategies based on ecological restoration.